Early state system of India in indian history

Early state system of India in indian history
General. knowledge india in english 

Early state system of India 

                     We get information about political system and institutions in India from Vedas, epics and Buddhist scriptures.  In the Riglad period or Vedic period, the form of state system was similar to that of the tribal system.  Its head was called the kingdom whose election took place.  Political institutions such as meetings and committees existed.  This community was also called 'Wish'. 

                           Different types of state system came into force in India after that.  Think - How is a leader selected in the present times?  f position  Early states of different groups were established in the area of ​​Punjab and river Ganga around one thousand BC.  Which was called 'Janpad'.  ‘Janapad’ means an area or place of human habitation.  The word Janapada is used in the sense of state.  Janpad was a state system that was very special from the tribal society of the Uglad period.  It includes states of different groups like Kuru, Panchal.  Mahajanapada E.S.  Around the 6th century BC, there were about sixteen Mahajanapadas in India.  Some of these Mahajanapadas were republics and some were monarchical type states.  

                            Monarchy The state in which the king was the chief was called the monarchy.  Mahajanapadas of this time were competing for power.  In which there was a special competition between four powerful states, Magadha, Kosal, Vatsa and Avanti.  In which Magadha eventually became famous as a powerful kingdom.  Magadha: The kingdom of Magadha became a powerful Mahajanapada in the time of Buddha in the monarchy.  Three strong dynasties ruled in Magadha.

  (A) Haryakvansh:

                        The founder of this dynasty was a king named Bimbisara.  The capital of Magadha was Rajgruh (Girivraj), situated on the banks of the rivers Ganga and Shona.  After him his son Ajatashatru came to power.  He made Pataliputra (Patna) his capital.  He fought a war with the Varjai Sangh, defeated the Licchavi and extended the kingdom of Magadha. 

 (B) Nagvansh: 

      After Haryavansh, Nagvansh came to power.  These include a king named Shishunaga who was associated with Buddhism. 

 (C) Nandvansh: 

   The Nandvansh established by Mahapadmanand was the most powerful dynasty.  Mahapadmanand is considered to be the first emperor of India.  In his time, Magadha had become the most powerful state in India.  At the time of Alexander's invasion of India, Magadha was ruled by a king named Dhanananda of the Nand dynasty.

                        Republic Republic is a state ruled by a head elected by the people directly or indirectly.  The republic was a notable feature of the ancient state system and governance.  ‘Gana’ usually means ‘mass’.  A republic is a state governed by more than one member.  At this time there were also some states in which the king was elected by the people.  Such a state was called a 'republic'.  In which there were republics of people like Licchavi of Vaishali, Shakyas of Kapilvastu, Vidheh of Mithila, Mallo of Kushinara etc.  In this type of state system, each member was given the status of a 'king'.  Learn so much  The word gana is used for a group with many members.  Gana means group or set.  

 Sangh:

                 Sangh means organization or bha.  Vaishali Vajji State: The monarchy aspired to increase its power and establish an empire by subjugating the territories around the Maharajas.  Seeing this, the people of eight or nine castes like Licchavi, Vasti, Jnatuk, Videh, Shakya, Malla etc. formed a federation to protect themselves and became known as Vasingh.  Vaishali, the capital of the Licchavi, was the capital of the Union.  Hence it was called the Republic of Vajij Sangh of Vaishali.  The state administration of the Republic is governed by 19 governing bodies.  Which is why it is called a republic.  In the republic, all the powers of the Raj were vested in the members. 

                     The members would sit in the meeting and all the business would be presented in the meeting and passed by majority or unanimity.  The place where the meeting was held was known as Santhagar (Nagar Bhavan).  The assembly of the republic elected the old as well as the young as members.  The republics chose their own president for state-administration;  Whose choice is made by election.  In the republic, every member was considered a king.  The republics had a meeting of their own.  In which many important issues like administration, defense, war, treaty were discussed and then a decision was taken.  Any member enjoyed membership for a fixed period of time.  A working committee assisted the President of the Republic in the administration of the State.  • Think - શકાય Can the republics of ancient India be described as democratic states?  શું What are the similarities between the republics of ancient India and today's democracy?

Social life and state system of the Republic time: 

                       According to archaeologists, people lived in simple houses at this time.  Were associated with pastoral activity.  Crops like wheat, rice, barley, sugarcane, sesame, mustard, pulses were grown at this time.  People may have used pottery to a greater extent because archaeologists have found some such pottery.  Paintings can be seen on some of the pottery of this period.  These utensils were gray painted utensils (gray).  At this time, the ruler of any state would take all possible measures to defend his state.  For this, forts were built around the state capital.  These forts were built strong and tall.  It used a lot of stone and brick.  Some kings built huge, high and magnificent walls around their kingdom to demonstrate their power and prosperity.  

                             The brick wall found at Prayagraj dates back to about 2500 years ago so it is possible that such high walled forts were being built at this time.  4.3 Eto's fort wall All the Mahajanapadas of this time needed a large fort and a strong fort at Prayagraj (Allahabad) for defense.  Taxes were levied on people to meet this need.  Farmers give one-sixth of their crops to the treasury.  The artisan class worked for the state one day a month.  Pastoralists give cattle as part of the tax.  Merchants taxed the sale and purchase of goods.  During the Mahajanapadas, agriculture began to improve due to iron tools.  20 Know this Mahavira Swami and Gautam Buddha both walked in these districts (republics).  Information about republics is obtained from Jain and Buddhist scriptures.  Mahatma Buddha was born during the Republic era, hence this period is also called the Buddha era.  Elsewhere in the world, the city-states of Sparta, Athens, Rome, Greece, etc. have been described as democratic states, just as the republics of ancient India can be described as democratic states.

  • Get information about the republics by watching the activity 'Bharat Ek Khoj' serial.